@article{MAKHILLRJANS20148127724,
    title = {Medetomidine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anaesthesia with Brachial Plexus Blockade: 
  An Alternative Protocol for Canine Forelimb Surgeries},
    journal = {Research Journal of Animal Sciences},
    volume = {8},
    number = {1},
    pages = {9-11},
    year = {2014},
    issn = {1993-5269},
    doi = {rjnasci.2014.9.11},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1993-5269&doi=rjnasci.2014.9.11},
    author = {W.E.,P.,E.G.,J.W. and},
    keywords = {Anaesthesia regime,apnea,bradycardia,hyperalgesia,forelimb fracture},
    abstract = {The use of medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthesia with brachial plexus blockade is reported as an alternative anaesthetic technique for repair of radius and ulna fractures in dogs. A 3 years old male Japanese spitz was presented with a history of leg carrying lameness following a car accident 2 weeks earlier. Clinical examination revealed non-weight bearing lameness of the right forelimb and normal physiological parameters. Radiography confirmed a complete oblique fracture of the proximal right radio-ulna bones which required open reduction and internal fixation. Two anaesthetic protocols were attempted but resulted into severe apnea and bradycardia. The first regime involved the use of xylazine-thiopentone-isoflurane while the second one was xylazine-ketamine combination. An alternative anaesthesia protocol involving medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam combination with brachial plexus block using lidocaine was employed with great success. Analgesia of the desensitized limb extended 7 h post-operatively. Temperature and cardio-pulmonary parameters remained stable intra-operatively as indicted by an average temperature of 37.2&deg;C, heart rate of 68 beats min<SUP>-1</SUP> and respiratory rate of 18 breaths min<SUP>-1</SUP>. This study reports successful use of medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthesia with lignocaine brachial plexus blockade in orthopedic procedures involving the forelimbs in dogs.}
    }