TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impacts of Water Inclusion in Diesel Fuel on Engine Emission Parameters at
Various Injection Timings
AU - Tabatabaei, Meisam AU - Khalife, Esmail AU - Najafi, Bahman AU - Mirsalim, Mostafa AU - Gharehghani, Ayat 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 147
EP  - 155
PY  - 2017
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2017.147.155
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2017.147.155
KW  - Biodiesel
KW  -water additive
KW  -emulsified fuel
KW  -diesel engine
KW  -emission characteristics
KW  -injection timing
AB  - Today, as a results of diminishing fuel resources and increasing environmental pollution, various
biofuels such as biodiesel have been considered as alternatives to their respective fossil-oriented fuels. The
present study was focused on assessing the impacts of different water inclusion rates, (i.e., 3, 5 and 7 wt%) into
B5 at different injection timings. Emission characteristics of the emulsified fuel blends were analyzed using a
single cylinder diesel engine at different engine loads. The findings obtained showed that the lowest level of
water included in the emulsion fuels, i.e., 3% and advancing injection timing led to the most favorable HC
emission reduction compared with neat B5 and neat diesel. The results of the present study also revealed that
by increasing water inclusion rate into B5, NO<sub>x</sub> emission could be increasingly reduced. Moreover, retarding injection timing intensified NO<sub>x</sub> emission reductions.
ER  -