TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality Index in Safwan-Zubair Area
AU - T. Ibrahim, Husham AU - A. Abbas, Sarmad AU - Al-Aboodi, Ali H. AU - Alak Hassan, Ayman 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 13
IS  - 15
SP  - 6091
EP  - 6098
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2018.6091.6098
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.6091.6098
KW  - GIS
KW  -sodium adsorption ratio
KW  -groundwater quality index
KW  -Safwan-Zubair area
KW  -natural neighbor method
KW  -Iraq
AB  - Safwan-Zubair area is located in southwest of Basrah Province, South of Iraq. This area is located
between longitude line [47°35’-47°55’] and latitude line [30°00’-30°30’]. The main source for irrigation and
domestic purposes in the study area is groundwater. The upper aquifer of Dibdibba formation represents the
main aquifer in Safwan-Zubair area. The main object of this research is to evaluate the water quality for drinking
and agricultural purposes through physical and chemical analysis (Temperature, pH, EC, TDS, Cl<sup>-</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+2</sup>,
Mg<sup>+2</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup>, Fe<sup>+</sup>, Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Hardness (TH) ) using Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI),
Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and percentage of sodium ion (Na%) during the wet season (2018). Based on
SAR values, the groundwater types ranged from first class (excellent) to the second class (good). Na% values
ranged from 37.29-60.54%, according to this range, it is found that the groundwater type ranged from good to
doubtful class. According to GWQI, the groundwater quality lies under unsuitable class. The general trend of
directional distribution of Na<sup>+</sup> concentration is from the northwest to the southeast in other words with align
of the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal (drainage canal), there is a clear effect of the canal on the adjacent areas lead to
increase the concentration of Na<sup>+</sup>. The groundwater flow direction has a great effect on the quality of
groundwater along with the direction of groundwater path lines towards the Arabian Gulf near Um Qasr.
ER  -