M. Ahmed  , Abdul-Letif  , M.A.Z. Habeeb  , H.S. Jaafer  , 
    Performance Characteristics of the Minkowski Curve Fractal Antenna,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 1,Issue 4,
    2006,
    Pages 323-328,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2006.323.328,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2006.323.328)
    Abstract: The performance properties of the Minkowski curve fractal antenna have been investigated and compared with the performance properties of the traditional straight-wire dipole. Numerical simulations were done using NEC4 which is moment-method based software. Results of radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, input impedance, gain and half power beamwidth are provided. The results show that the self similarity properties of the fractal shapes are translated into its multiband behavior. It is concluded that the Minkowski curve fractal can be used to achieve miniaturization in antenna systems while maintening the radiation properties of the traditional straight-wire dipole. Thus this fractal antenna is likely to have a very promising future in portable device applications.
    Keywords: Fractal antennas;Minkowski curves;small antennas;iterated function system