Labbaci K  , M. Diaf  , 
    Spectroscopic Properties of Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> Transitions in 5NaF.9YF3 Fluoride Host,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 1,Issue 4,
    2006,
    Pages 351-354,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2006.351.354,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2006.351.354)
    Abstract: Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>:5NaF.9YF<SUB>3</SUB> crystal of good optical quality was grown by Czochralski method. Optical absorption measurements of Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> in 5NaF.9YF<SUB>3</SUB> crystal have been investigated. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was applied to the absorption spectra of Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>: 5NaF.9YF<SUB>3</SUB> to obtain three JO parameters  <SUB>t=2,4,6</SUB>. Values of the JO parameters were subsequently used to determine the radiative transition probabilities, the radiative lifetimes and the branching ratios. The calculated parameters show that Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>: 5NaF.9YF<SUB>3</SUB> crystal possesses important spectroscopic and laser properties that are favorable for this material to become a potential candidate as an efficient laser system.
    Keywords: czochralski method;fluoride crystals;rare-earth spectroscopy;judd-ofelt theory;radiative transition probabilities;Crystal growth