Tarek Sobh  , M. Khaled Elleithy  , Sarosh Patel  , 
    Reverse Engineering of VLSI Chips: A Roadmap,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 2,Issue 2,
    2007,
    Pages 290-298,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2007.290.298,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2007.290.298)
    Abstract: The reverse engineering process for VLSI chips is a complex operation that can cost from $10,000 for the simplest chips to hundreds of thousands of dollars for complex chips. In this study, we present an overview of the process of reverse engineering VLSI chips. The study outlines the steps involved in the process of reverse engineering chips as well as the different techniques used to extract the functionality of these chips. Furthermore, the paper presents two case studies for reverse engineering VLSI chips.
    Keywords: Architectures;models;VLSI;multilevel structures;geometric properties;benchmark examples