A.A.  Adeyanju, 
    Performance Characterization of Packed Bed Storage System,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 4,Issue 1,
    2009,
    Pages 96-99,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2009.96.99,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2009.96.99)
    Abstract: Modeling of packed-bed heat transfer can be a problem of immense complexity in some cases requiring the use of 3-D finite-element techniques to understand the dynamics of stratification and fluid-solid interaction during different modes of operation. The analytical solution to the packed bed heat transfer was identified in this study and a set of governing equations that economically and accurately characterize the dominant energy transfer mechanisms in a charging or discharging packed bed storage tank over long time periods that include multiple cycles were analyzed.
    Keywords: Packed-bed;analytical;heat transfer;characterization;stratification