Mansour  Kalbasi, Seyyed Shahabeddin  Azimi, 
    Thermal Boundary Layer Analysis of Nanofluids in a Circular Tube,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 8,Issue 4,
    2013,
    Pages 116-119,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2013.116.119,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2013.116.119)
    Abstract: In this research, thermal boundary layer in the forced convective 
  heat transfer of nanofluids in fully developed laminar flow in a circular tube 
  is considered in which thermal boundary layer grows. In thermal boundary layer 
  temperature increases gradually. By analysis of conservation laws, it is concluded 
  that the density of the base fluid has important role in the thermal boundary 
  layer because both nanoparticle volume fraction and axial velocity of the nanofluid 
  depend on it. Also to obtain temperature profile, the energy equation does not 
  require to couple with momentum equations despite velocity has radial and axial 
  distribution.
    Keywords: Heat transfer;nanofluid;laminar flow;fully developed region;velocity;Iran