Hafizah  Bahaludin, Mimi Hafizah  Abdullah, 
    The Development of a Risk-Neutral Density Estimation Method,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 11,Issue 7,
    2016,
    Pages 1633-1638,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2016.1633.1638,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2016.1633.1638)
    Abstract: The Risk-Neutral Density (RND) function is the distribution implied by option prices. Broadly, the approaches to extract RND can be classified into four categories; an underlying asset is assumed to follow a stochastic distribution, parametric techniques, semi- parametric techniques and smoothing a volatility function. Smoothing volatility function is a common practice in extracting the RND function. Theoretically, it can be estimated by differentiating the call prices twice with respect to the strike price if the continuous strike prices are available. This study focuses on the development of the risk-neutral density estimation by using the smoothing implied volatility smile method.
    Keywords: Options;risk-neutral density;extract;distribution;prices