Rittika  Kirti, Prabhdeep  Kaur, 
    FWM Investigation in 3-D, 2-D Orthogonal Modulations and
1-D Modulation in WDM System,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 12,Issue 21,
    2017,
    Pages 5462-5466,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2017.5462.5466,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2017.5462.5466)
    Abstract: Four wave mixing is a prominent and major performance deteriorating factor in WDM systems. To
suppress the FWM effects and increase data rate supportability of WDM systems, optimal modulation formats
are required. In this research, a WDM system supporting 8 channels and each at 10 Gbps is proposed by
incorporating 2 and 3D orthogonal modulation formats. Polarization shift keying is an essential modulation and
studied at different distances in terms of Q-factor. Moreover, FWM power is analyzed and comparison has been
established for 1-3D modulations at different frequency spacings such as 25, 50 and 100 GHz. The 2-D
orthogonal modulation exhibits minimum FWM and thus, recommended to use in WDM systems at ultra dense
spacings.
    Keywords: Polarisation Shift Keying (PolSK);Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK);Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK);Four Wave Mixing (FWM);Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM);exhibits