Mushtaq  Najeeb, Ali  Mahmood, Hamdan  Daniyal, Ramdan  Razali, Muhamad  Mansor, 
    An Intelligent Voltage Controller for a PV Inverter System Using
Simulated Annealing Algorithm-Based PI Tuning Approach,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 12,Issue 3,
    2017,
    Pages 660-669,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2017.660.669,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2017.660.669)
    Abstract: This study associates an intelligent voltage controller based PI approach for PV electrical inverter
by employing a meta-heuristic optimization algorithmic called a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. It’s
outlined as a physical process of minimization which is a kind of optimization problems. During this
methodology, the procedure of trial and error in getting k<sub>p</sub> and k<sub>i</sub> parameters utilized in a conventional PI controller is avoided. Besides, it is then used to optimize the PI parameters in order to get the desired output
voltage of the PV electrical inverter along with the PWM method. The proposed design of the overall PV
electrical inverter is modelled using simulink/code of matlab environment. As a result, firstly; to evaluate the
proposed controller (SA-PI) of the PV inverter. Its performance is investigated by connecting three different
loads to the system. Noted that, it is robust in terms of voltage amplitude, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and
a minimum value of Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Secondly, the SA algorithm based PI controller generally
provides a better desired output and fast response with a high convergence rate as compared with the PSO
algorithm.
    Keywords: total harmonic;mean absolute error;simulated annealing algorithm;PV inverter;distortion and matlab code