Virginia  Chika Ebhota, Viranjay  M. Srivastava, Joseph  Isabona, 
    Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Signal Pathloss for
4G Cellular Network Planning,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 13,Issue 7,
    2018,
    Pages 1907-1918,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2018.1907.1918,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.1907.1918)
    Abstract: In this contribution, the basic propagation loss models which consist of the Hata Model, COST 231
Hata Model, Walfisch-Ikegami Model and Lee Model have been investigated for proper planning of LTE
networks in different radio signal propagation environments. Each of the models were studied and compared
under the variation of Transmitter-Receiver (T-R) distance, heights of Mobile Station (MS) and Base Station
(BS) antenna and transmitting frequency via. extensive computer simulations. The results indicate that path loss
increases as the link distance increases due electromagnetic energy spreading and attenuation by different radio
propagation mechanisms. As the operating frequency was increase from 1800-2600 MHz, the path loss also
increases due to decrease in antenna aperture and decrease in radio signal wavelength. Moreover, we
observed a noticeable reduction in path losses as both the transmitter antenna height and receiver antenna
height were raised from from 30-70 m and from 1.5-5 m, respectively. Finally, as the receiving antenana height
increases, path loss due building roof top to street diffraction reduces.
    Keywords: Walfisch-Ikegami Model;COST 231 Hata Model;Hata Model;path loss;propagation models;LTE network planning;Lee Model;computer simulations