Mohanad  Azeez Joodi, 
    PID Based Automatic Voltage Regulator Design for a Synchronous
Generator Tuned Utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization under
Different Damping Torque Coefficient,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 13,Issue 16,
    2018,
    Pages 6833-6843,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2018.6833.6843,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.6833.6843)
    Abstract: In this study, the automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator has a been designed based on the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in which is tuned using the particle swarm optimization. The output voltage of the synchronous generator will be regulated, through the proposed structure and to check its effectiveness, another two controllers have been designed for comparison namely, unity closed loop system and pole placement method. The comparison shows that the step response performances under different values of the damping torque coefficients (settling time, peak value, overshoot percentage and steady-state error) was better when adopting the PID controller tuned using PSO. The bode plot measures (gain margin and phase margin) was also studied.
    Keywords: Automatic voltage regulator;PID controller;PSO;pole placement;gain margin