Ahmed K.  Al-Kamal, Mohammed  Ali Abdulrehman, Ismail  Ibrahim Marhoon, Jafar  F. Al-Sharab, 
    Synthesize of Carbonate Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials to Enhance the 
Overall Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 14,Issue 19,
    2019,
    Pages 7064-7068,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2019.7064.7068,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2019.7064.7068)
    Abstract: In this study, we synthesized carbon doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as anode electrode in Dye Sensitized 
Solar Cells (DSSCs). TiO<sub>2</sub> nanopowder was doped with different amount of carbon. Carbon atoms are easily to 
be couples with O atoms due to the small energy barrier between them in anatase phase. Doctor blade method
is used to deposit thin paste of carbon doped TiO<sub>2</sub> on FTO glass. Scanning electron microscope was used to 
study the microstructure of the samples as well as to confirm the existence of carbon. Also, x-ray diffraction
used to identify the crystallite size and phases of the samples. The results showed that the 4% of carbon-doped
TiO<sub>2</sub> was given the best performance of DSSCs as the efficiency increased as four times as the TiO<sub>2</sub> without 
doping.
    Keywords: C-doped TiO2;DSSCs;synthesized carbon;nanoparticles;electrode;nanopowder