Ismail  Zainol, HasnorIzzati  Che Razali, Wan Rusmawati  Wan Mahamod, Haniza  Hanim Mat Zain, Norlaili  Abu Bakar, Mohd  Anuar Alwi, Norlizah  Jamil, 
    Effect of Fish Scale Hydrolysed Collagen on Stability of Water-in-Virgin
Coconut Oil Emulsion for Potential Topical Application,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 14,Issue 20,
    2019,
    Pages 7647-7655,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2019.7647.7655,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2019.7647.7655)
    Abstract: Hydrolysed collagen intake has been shown to have a positive effect on flexibility and elasticity of
the skin. However, topical use of hydrolysed collagen in emulsion form is under-explored. The aim of this study
was to investigate the effect of hydrolysed collagen existence on the physical stability and droplet size of
different formulations of water-in-virgin coconut oil emulsion. The obtained emulsion via. high shear
homogenization, both before and after incorporated with hydrolysed collagen showed good physical stability
with no separation layersand suitable to be administered on skin. Incorporating hydrolysed collagen caused
a small additional decrease in emulsion droplet size compared to typical emulsion. The dispersion of small
water-based hydrolysed collagen droplets in emulsion plays an important role for a better permeation of
hydrolysed collagen into the skin, once it applied topically. The rheological properties of emulsion attribute to
shear thinning behaviour which is appropriate for the needs in the topical application. The results recommend
an emulsion system as an innovative approach for enhancing the transdermal penetration of hydrolysed
collagen into skin for topical application.
    Keywords: Emulsion;high shear homogenization;hydrolysed collagen;stability;topical application;transdermal penetration