Sittisak Khampa  , Pala Chaowarat  , Rungson Singhalert  , Metha Wanapat  , 
    Influences of Supplementation of Yeast-Malate Fermented Cassava Chip as a Replacement Concentrate on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency and Digestibility of Nutrients in Cattle,
    Research Journal of Animal Sciences,
    Volume 3,Issue 1,
    2009,
    Pages 10-15,
    ISSN 1993-5269,
    rjnasci.2009.10.15,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjnasci.2009.10.15)
    Abstract: Ten, one year old male cattles with initial body weight of 150±10 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups and received concentrate at 14% CP (T<SUB>1</SUB>) and Yeast-Malate Fermented Cassava Chip (YMFCC) (T<SUB>2</SUB>). The cows were offered the treatment concentrate at 1% BW and urea-treated rice straw was fed <I>ad libitum</I>. Means were compared using t-test. All animals were kept in individual pens and received free access to water. The results have revealed that replacement of YMFCC on feed intake was non-significantly different, while Average Daily Gain (ADG) and digestibility of nutrients were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed YMFCC (T<SUB>2</SUB>) treatments than received concentrate at 14% CP (T<SUB>1</SUB>) (235 and 203 g day<SUP>-1</SUP>). In addition, the ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen concentration were significantly different (p<0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acid was significantly different especially the concentration of propionic acid was slightly higher in cattle receiving T<SUB>2</SUB> than T<SUB>1</SUB> (23.9 and 17.8 mol/100 mol). Supplementation of YMFCC (T<SUB>2</SUB>) could improve population of bacteria and fungal zoospore, but decreased populations of <I>Holotrich</I> and <I>Entodiniomorph</I> protozoa in rumen (p<0.05). The results indicate that supplementation of Yeast-Malate Fermented Cassava Chip (YMFCC) as a replacement concentrate at 14% CP could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and digestibility of nutrients in cattle.
    Keywords: Yeast-Malate;Cassava Chip (YMFCC);concentrate;rumen fermentation;cattle