O.I.  Baruwa, 
    Empirical Analysis of Costs and Returns to Goat Production under Tropical Conditions,
    Research Journal of Animal Sciences,
    Volume 7,Issue 2,
    2013,
    Pages 13-17,
    ISSN 1993-5269,
    rjnasci.2013.13.17,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjnasci.2013.13.17)
    Abstract: Goat is the most frequently consumed meat in the world. Meat 
  goat production is growing because of goats’ economic value as efficient 
  converters of low-quality forages into quality meat, milk and hides products 
  for many speciality type markets. A lot of research works have been done on 
  indigenous small ruminant in tropical areas of Africa but limited information 
  is available on the profitability of small-scale goat production in Nigeria. 
  This study thus examined the costs and returns to goat production and analyse 
  constraints associated with the enterprise. The study used a structural questionnaire 
  administered on 60 goat farmers selected during 2010 production season using 
  a three stage multistage sampling procedure. The data collected were analysed 
  using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. Budgetary analysis revealed 
  that the gross margin was <img src="http://docsdrive.com/images/medwelljournals/rjnasci/2013/img1-2k13-13-17.gif" width="13" height="12" align="absmiddle"> 
  324,668 and net profit was <img src="http://docsdrive.com/images/medwelljournals/rjnasci/2013/img1-2k13-13-17.gif" width="13" height="12" align="absmiddle"> 
  315,818 (<img src="http://docsdrive.com/images/medwelljournals/rjnasci/2013/img1-2k13-13-17.gif" width="13" height="12" align="absmiddle">, 
  Nigerian Currency, <img src="http://docsdrive.com/images/medwelljournals/rjnasci/2013/img1-2k13-13-17.gif" width="13" height="12" align="absmiddle">160 
  = 1$US) indicating that goat production was profitable. Major production constraints 
  were lack of access to credit facilities, disease outbreak, mortality and poor 
  foundation stock. These constraints if addressed would improve productivity 
  and profitability of goat production under tropical conditions.
    Keywords: Constraints;goat enterprise;gross margin;profitability;stock