TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparation of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanolayers via. Sol-Gel Method and Study the Optoelectronic
Properties Assolar Cell applications
AU - Haneen Abass, Khalid AU - Hadi Shinen, Mohammed AU - F. Alkaim, Ayad 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 13
IS  - 22
SP  - 9631
EP  - 9637
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2018.9631.9637
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.9631.9637
KW  - Sol-gel
KW  -TiO layers
KW  -dispersion parameters
KW  -single-oscillator model
KW  -surface
KW  -comparable
AB  - The aim of this research is to prepare TiO<sub>2</sub> films on Indium Tin Oxid (ITO)-glass substrates with various nano-layers via. sol-gel method and study the properties that make these films suitable for solar cell application. Polycrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> films are resulting from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination with preferred orientation along (101) plane appear for the films with thickness more than 107 nm (3 layers) at 2&theta; = 25.62&deg;. Other peaks appear (211), (004) and (200) at 2&theta; = 30.27, 35.49 and 48.69, respectively and the crystallite size ranged from 15-32 nm for the prepared films. The homogeneity of the films is appear from the scanning electron microscope in addition of smooth and free of pinholes. UV-Visible spectrophotometer use to recording the transmittance spectra in the range of 360-1000 nm. The energy gaps were determined by Touc Model and from the dispersion parameters which found good comparable to be 3.21 eV for the film thickness 155 nm (5 layers). The energy loss of electrons which travelling through surface and bulk of material also determined. Urbach energy is increase with the increasing of film thickness. Dispersion parameters (E<sub>o</sub>, E<sub>d</sub>) determined from Wemple and DiDomenco relationship.
ER  -