A. Plascencia  , E.G. Alvarez  , H. Davila-Ramos  , M.F. Montano  , Y.S. Valdes-Garcia  , R.A. Zinn  , 
    Influence of Fat Titer and Method of Addition on Characteristics of Ruminal and Total Tract Digestion,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 7,Issue 2,
    2008,
    Pages 145-148,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2008.145.148,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2008.145.148)
    Abstract: Twelve Holstein steers (340±7.2 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to study the influence of fat titer (36 vs. 41°C) and method of fat inclusion (mixed in a portion of steam flaked corn in the proportion 25% fat and 75% corn, prior to adding other ingredients vs. addition of fat to the mixer as the second-to-last step, just before adding molasses) on characteristics of digestion. The basal diet contained 74.4% steam-flaked corn and 5% supplemental fat. There were no treatment effects (p&gt;0.10) on site and extent of OM, starch, N, lipid and ADF digestion, nor on ruminal VFA molar concentrations. Post-ruminal lipid digestion averaged 69.3%, in close agreement with expected (71%; where fat digestion, % = 83.18-4.52FI-0.68FI<SUP>3</SUP>) based on level of fat intake (FI, g kg <SUP>1</SUP> of body weight).
    Keywords: Yellow grease;tallow;steers;metabolism;fat titer;ruminal