Suyitno  , Catur  Harsito, 
    Reducing Defects in Water-Based Paint with Natural Dyes,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 13,Issue 5,
    2018,
    Pages 1291-1297,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2018.1291.1297,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.1291.1297)
    Abstract: Water-based paints with natural dyes are interesting to investigate, in particular with a view to the
reduction of defects. This study aims also to report on the properties of water-based paints containing natural
dyes of <i>Ceriops candolleana</i> Arn. in the context of parameters such as total solids, hiding power, drying time
and gloss. The water-based paints were formulated from acrylic resin, water, polyethylene glycol and surfactant.
The natural dyes and filler used were<i> C. candolleana</i> and TiO powders, respectively. The sizes of the natural 2
dye powders were examined using a particle size analysis instrument. The water-based paints were formulated
with various concentrations of Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) varying from 2.9-22.7%. The Filler Volume
Concentration (FVC) used was 0, 1.4 and 2.8%. The results show that the water-based paints formulated using
natural dyes from<i> C. candolleana</i> suffered defects such as agglomeration, bubbling and cracking. These
defects were strongly affected by the concentrations of PVC and FVC. Water-based paints with fewer defects
could be achieved, however, by formulating the paint with concentrations of PVC and FVC below 8 and 2.8%,
respectively. The total solids, hiding power, drying time and gloss from the water-based paints with<i> C. candolleana</i> natural dyes were 40-46%, 5.8-13.7 m<sup>2</sup>/L, 40-95 min and 9.5-56.6 GU, respectively and as such
satisfied the SNI Standard 3564: 2009 for paints.
    Keywords: Water-based;paint;natural dye;defects;Ceriops candolleana;interesting to investigate