H.  Wibowo, M.N.  Ilman, P.T.  Iswanto, 
    Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of DC-LSND Double
Cooling on A-36 Steel Welded Joints,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 13,Issue 17,
    2018,
    Pages 7341-7347,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2018.7341.7347,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.7341.7347)
    Abstract: The use of certain welding techniques to reduce distortion in the welding of thin plates to the hull
of a ship has become one of the most recent objects of research. One of the alternative welding techniques
developed is called the DC-LSND (Dynamically Controlled Low Stress No-Distortion) technique. The
investigation concerned here was aimed at studying the effect of DC-LSND double cooling on the distortion,
microstructure and mechanical properties in A36 steel welded joints. The DC-LSND double cooling treatments
were performed by cooling the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) behind the welding torch by using cryogenic liquid
nitrogen. A sequence of tests was carried out involving distortion measurement, microstructure examination,
hardness measurement and tensile testing in combination with SEM fractography. The results showed
that DC-LSND double cooling treatments affected transverse distortion significantly. The strength of the
welded joint was improved by the DC-LSND double cooling treatments, based on the results of the tensile
testing and the hardness. The microstructure was also refined by increasing the acicular ferrite phase.
    Keywords: DC-LSND double cooling;welded joints;distortion;liquid nitrogen;microstructure;refined