Usama  Khaled, Abdulrahman  Abanmi, Salman  Alissa, Abderrahmane  Beroual, Omar  Aldraimli, 
    Influence of Soil Conductivity and Rod-to-Earth Gaps on Lightning Breakdown
Voltage and Peak Current of Rod-to-Plane Air Gaps,
    Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
    Volume 14,Issue 22,
    2019,
    Pages 8362-8367,
    ISSN 1816-949x,
    jeasci.2019.8362.8367,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2019.8362.8367)
    Abstract: This study deals with the influence of soil conductivity and a rod-to-earth electrode gap on lightning
impulse voltages. Two types of soils are considered: homogeneous and non-homogeneous/heterogeneous.
The heterogeneous soil consists of a metallic plate in contact with a parallelepiped tank filled with water or
wetted sand of different conductivities. It is shown that, for homogeneous Earth, the U<sub>50</sub> decreases when 50%
increasing the soil conductivity and the electrodes gap decreases. For heterogeneous soil configuration and
a given distance from the HV electrode to the metallic electrode, the U<sub>50</sub> is higher for lower conductivities of 50%
homogeneous soil.
    Keywords: U50 breakdown voltage;heterogeneous Earth;homogeneous Earth;Lightning discharge;electrode gap;soil conductivity