Raheleh  Rasoulzadeh, Reza  Amid, Maryam  Gramizadeh, Mahdi  Kadkhodazadeh, 
    Pattern of Stress and Strain Distribution in Bone Around Standard and Short Bone-level
Splinted Implants Using Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis,
    Journal of Dentistry Concerns,
    Volume 1,Issue 2,
    2020,
    Pages 13-19,
    ISSN 2706-7467,
    jdc.2020.13.19,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jdc.2020.13.19)
    Abstract: Short implants can be used as a substitute for
standard implants to prevent invasive surgical procedures.
However, high risk of complications calls for studies on
1their biomechanical characteristics and improved
treatment planning. Splinting is one method to decrease
the risk of fracture of short implants. This study sought to
assess the pattern of stress and strain distribution in bone
around standard and short, bone-level splinted implants
using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Computer-Aided
Design (CAD) was used to create models of an edentulous
posterior mandible including two short or standard
implants in the mesial and distal areas and a pontic inbetween
them. In these models, the short and the standard
implants measured 4×6 and 4×10 mm, respectively.
Cortical bone thickness was constant (2 mm) in the
models. ANSYS simulation software was used for FEA;
100 and 300 N loads were applied to implants at zero
(parallel to the longitudinal axis of implants) and 30°
angles. Maximum strain and strain values, site of
maximum stress and the uniformity of stress distribution
in different designs were assessed. Stress in cortical bone
around standard implants was less than that around short
implants under axial loads. The situation was reversed
under 30° angulated loads and stress around short
implants was less. The same was true for strain. Strain in
cancelous bone around short implants was higher than
that around standard implants. Pattern of stress and stress
distribution in bone around splinted short and long
implants due to the application of load at different angles
was not the same. By splinting short implants better stress
distribution in peri-implant bone can be achieved under
oblique loads.
    Keywords: Short implant;finite element analysis;Implant length;bone;stress;splinting