Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, leading to numerous complications, including ocular issues. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), a prevalent disorder affecting the lipid layer of the tear film, is increasingly recognized as a significant ocular complication in diabetic patients. MGD is marked by gland obstruction and altered secretions, causing dry eye symptoms and ocular surface disease. To determine the prevalence of MGD in patients with diabetes mellitus. To assess the severity and clinical presentation of MGD in diabetic patients. To explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking diabetes to MGD. This cross‐sectional study included 200 participants (100 diabetic patients and 100 non‐diabetic controls) recruited from a tertiary care hospital's ophthalmology outpatient department. Inclusion criteria encompassed confirmed diabetes mellitus in the diabetic group and age and gender‐matched non‐diabetic controls. Exclusion criteria included other ocular surface diseases, history of ocular surgery or trauma, medications affecting Meibomian gland function and autoimmune diseases. Data collected included demographic details, diabetes duration, HbA1c levels and BMI. MGD was assessed through clinical examinations, meibography and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Treatment outcomes for MGD in diabetic patients were evaluated after a 3‐month follow‐up. MGD was present in 62% of diabetic patients compared to 40% of non‐diabetic patients (p = 0.002). Among diabetics with MGD, 29% had mild, 45% moderate and 26% severe MGD. A positive correlation r = 0.58, p = 0.001) between diabetes duration and MGD severity was noted. Diabetic patients had higher OSDI scores (34.7 vs. 28.3, p = 0.004). Warm compresses and lid hygiene showed significant improvement in MGD severity (45% and 40% improvement, respectively). Diabetic patients exhibit a higher prevalence and severity of MGD compared to non‐diabetic individuals, with prolonged diabetes duration exacerbating the condition. Effective management includes warm compresses and lid hygiene. These findings underscore the necessity for regular screening and proactive management of MGD in diabetic patients to mitigate ocular discomfort and complications. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies.
How to cite this article:
S.A. Arsha Ressal, Jeyanthi , Biju Gopal, Rinita and Veeralakshmanan . A Clinical Study of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetes: A Clinical Study.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.132.137
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.132.137