Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition that increases the risk of several ocular problems, including cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and increased Central Corneal Thickness (CCT). Changes in the structure and function of the cornea are linked to diabetes mellitus. DM modifies the function of the sodium potassium ATP‐ase activity, which impacts the corneal endothelium and results in functional alterations in diabetic corneas. Changes in CCT are strongly correlated with higher blood glucose and HbA1c levels. To analyse central corneal thickness in subjects with diabetes mellitus and to correlate the association between the duration and severity of diabetes. The current study was a 6‐month prospective case control study. A total of 100 people were observed, 50 of whom were diabetic and 50 of whom were not. Every participant had a full ophthalmic examination, which included a slit lamp examination, a fundus examination, an IOP measurement and a CCT. Non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetics without retinopathy were the three categories into which diabetics were divided. Utilizing ultrasound pachymetry, CCT was determined. Diabetics had their plasma glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured. The corneal thickness was compared between the diabetic and non‐diabetic groups using the Student t test for independent means; a p‐value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Compared to the CCT of healthy controls, which was 511.52±31.65 μm, the mean CCT of diabetics was substantially thicker at 560.04±30.33 μm (p<0.01). Although the mean CCT increased in cases where the duration of diabetes increased, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.064). When compared to patients with HbA1c<7, the mean CCT of subjects with diabetes who had a HbA1c>7 was higher. When the degree of diabetic retinopathy was compared to age, the length of DM, HbA1c and IOP, a statistically significant difference was seen (p<0.05). However, there was no discernible correlation seen with CCT. The study found that people with diabetes and those without diabetes had notable variations in central thickness. These findings highlight the impact of diabetes on ocular health and the significance of monitoring corneal parameters in diabetic individuals.
How to cite this article:
S. Veeralakshmanan, S.A. Arsha Ressal, Biju Gopal, R. Rinita and Rajeevan . Effect of Central Corneal Thickness in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Centre.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.248.252
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.248.252