Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Effect of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss and Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Tourniquet Usage Safely
N. Kattu Bava, T. Uvarajan, K.C. Mathew, Mohammed Sheriff and T.T. Annamalai
Page: 370-374 | Received 20 Apr 2024, Published online: 21 Jun 2024
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Abstract
In Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the loss of blood during and after the surgery can lead to substantial morbidity and the need for blood transfusions. Various methods are applied in TKA to minimize blood loss and to decrease transfusion rates in patients undergoing surgery. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent with known efficacy for achieving this goal of decreasing the morbidity and the transfusion rates. Currently, many surgeons are performing TKA without the use of tourniquet. Hence we aim to study effect of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during and after TKA without the adjunctive use of above‐the‐knee tourniquet. This prospective study was conducted in Sree Mookambika Institute of medical sciences between March 2022 and June 2023. We included the 50 patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis undergoing TKA. We divided the 50 patients into two groups as group A and group B with 25 patients each using non‐probability technique. The group‐A received tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg (diluted in 100 cc of normal saline) 10‐minute intravenous infusion three times, the first dose 20 minutes before the induction of anasthetic agents, the second dose during the induction of anesthetic agents and a third dose after three hours. The group B didn’t receive tranexamic acid. Surgery was performed without the use of above‐the‐knee tourniquet. We collected data about demographic and procedural characteristics, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, drain blood loss at 24 hours as well as adverse events. There were no transfusions in the group A, whereas 31% of the control group required transfusion (p<0.05). The group A had higher hematocrit and haemoglobin levels at 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery (all p<0.05) and lower drain loss at 24hours (i.e. group A 351.4±151 ml and 614±240 ml in the group B, p<0.005). There were no in‐hospital or six‐month symptomatic thromboembolic complications. A triple dose of tranexamic acid was safe and effective, reducing blood loss and preventing the need of blood transfusion in patients undergoing TKA without the need of above‐the‐knee tourniquet.
How to cite this article:
N. Kattu Bava, T. Uvarajan, K.C. Mathew, Mohammed Sheriff and T.T. Annamalai. Effect of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss and Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Tourniquet Usage Safely.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.370.374
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.370.374