Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, poses significant risks during pregnancy, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes mellitus (DM). Neonates born to diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk of congenital anomalies, macrosomia, small for gestational age (SGA), hypoglycemia and other metabolic and hematological complications, this study investigates neonatal outcomes associated with diabetic pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital setting. This hospital‐based prospective study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2017 at Vanivilas Children Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Bangalore. Neonates of mothers diagnosed with GDM and overt DM (as per DIPSI criteria) were included. A total of 100 neonates were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Maternal and neonatal data were collected, including maternal HbA1C, neonatal anthropometric parameters, metabolic and hematological complications, and congenital anomalies. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25.0. Majority of IDMs (74%) were born to mothers with GDM. Male neonates were predominant (67.56% in GDM and 92.43% in overt DM). Large for gestational age (LGA) neonates were more common in overt DM (57.69%) compared to GDM (15.67%), with significant macrosomia (P = 0.0006). Hypoglycemia was higher in overt DM (88.46%) compared to GDM (54.04%) (P=0.002). Hypocalcemia occurred in 48.63% of GDM neonates and 23.07% of overt DM neonates (P=0.0001). Polycythemia was observed in 52.35% of GDM and 26.9% of overt DM neonates (P=0.001). Hyperbilirubinemia was more prevalent in GDM neonates (44.73%) compared to overt DM neonates (23.07%) (P=0.006). Neonatal complications, including congenital anomalies (75.75%), macrosomia (73.52%) and hypoglycemia (82.5%), were significantly associated with maternal HbA1C >6.5% (P = 0.000). Neonates of diabetic mothers, especially those with overt DM, face significant risks of adverse outcomes. Comprehensive prenatal care, effective glycemic control and multidisciplinary neonatal management are crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.
How to cite this article:
K. Anilkumar, S. Lavanya and K. Kushal Kumar. A Prospective Study of Neonatal Outcome of Diabetic Pregnancies in A Tertiary Care Hospital.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.12.713.716
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.12.713.716