International Journal of Tropical Medicine
ISSN: Online 1818-779XISSN: Print 1816-3319
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Abstract
Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment among older adults. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify associated risk factors of AMD in urban populations. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a sample of urban residents aged 50 years and above. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and responded to a standardized questionnaire addressing potential risk factors. AMD presence was ascertained using fundus photography and graded using the age‐related eye disease study (AREDS) system. Out of the 500 participants, 62 were diagnosed with AMD, reflecting a prevalence rate of 12.4%. Late AMD was identified in 2.1% of the participants, equivalent to 10.5 individuals, while early AMD was found in 10.3%, corresponding to 51.5 individuals. Significant risk factors tied with AMD consisted of advancing age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.12), cigarette smoking (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.75‐3.45) and a history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.20‐2.40). Protective factors pinpointed included a higher dietary intake of antioxidants (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58‐0.97) and consistent physical activity (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48‐0.75). AMD prevalence in urban populations is consistent with global estimates. Several modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and cardiovascular disease, were strongly associated with AMD. Lifestyle changes, like increased physical activity and dietary intake of antioxidants, might reduce AMD risk in urban settings.
How to cite this article:
Hemant S. Todkar, Sailesh S. Katare, Aishwarya Wattamwar and Sheetal Gumgol. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Cross‐Sectional Study in
Urban Populations.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.59218/makijtm.2023.129.133
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1816-3319/10.59218/makijtm.2023.129.133